Refraction of sound waves is most evident in situations in which the sound. Thus, waves passing from one medium to another will undergo refraction. So if the media (or its properties) are changed, the speed of the wave is changed. It can be seen that this causes the wave to bend. Refraction, or bending of the path of the waves, is accompanied by a change in speed and wavelength of the waves. Therefore, when the wave encounters the interface between these two materials, the portion of the wave in the second material is moving faster than the portion of the wave in the first material. In the animation below, a series of plane waves are shown traveling in one material and entering a second material that has a higher acoustic velocity. The velocity of sound in each material is determined by the material properties (elastic modulus and density) for that material. The difference in speeds causes the wave to bend. Because of the angle, part of the wave enters the new medium first and changes speed. This change in angle of direction is called refraction. When sound changes mediums (enters a different material) at an angle other that 90 degrees, it is bent from its original direction. Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction Like any wave, a sound wave doesnt just stop when it reaches the end of the medium or when it encounters an obstacle in its path. The term wave has been applied at the quantum level on analogy to the term wave in the macroscopic world of tables and chairs. But, at the quantum level, things get complicated. In contrast, particles are tiny bits of matter. Sound waves travel outward in straight lines from their source until something interferes with their path. Waves are a form of energy moving through a material medium, that is, through matter. Remember that sound travels faster in some materials than others. Try this with multiple material pairs and observe what happens. Set the angle of Material 1 to 90 degrees. Set Materials 1 and 2 to different values.
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